Continuous bubble streams for controlling marine biofouling on static artificial structures

Prior to the Marine Biosecurity Toolbox Programme, Cawthron Institute undertook a large amount of research into bubble streams. This work was funded and in collaboration with many agencies, including Northland Regional Council, NZ Defence Force, Auckland Council, Ministry for Primary Industries, Bellingham Marine, Akzo Nobel and Port Nelson. Within the Toolbox programme, PROTECT research team conducted further trials and brought together this body research into a peer-reviewed publication – it sets a strong platform for the further development and refinement of novel approaches to control biofouling accumulation on marine infrastructure.